Temperature
By Lorenz Manalad
“Temperature”
What is temperature?
Temperature is a property of matter which reflects the quantity of energy of motion of the component particles. There are several scales used to measure this value ( Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit ).
The Fahrenheit Temperature Scale
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) invented the mercury thermometer in 1714. He also created the Fahrenheit temperature scale, a practical temperature scale where 0°F and 100°F corresponded to the coldest and hottest temperatures encountered in Western Europe.
Under the Fahrenheit temperature scale, water freezes at 32°F and 212°F.
The Fahrenheit scale is still widely used in America, although not in many other places.
Conversion
Formula
°C → °F
⁰F= (9/5 ⁰C +32) or ºF = ºC x 1.8 + 32
K → °F
ºF = 1.8(K – 273) + 32
The Celsius/Centigrade Temperature Scale
The centigrade temperature scale was devised by Anders Celsius in 1744. According to the centigrade temperature scale water freezes at O°C and boils at 100°C.
While the units were originally called degrees centigrade, they were renamed degrees Celsius in 1948.
Conversion
Formula
°F → °C
ºC = (ºF-32) ÷ 1.8
K → °C
ºC = K – 273
The Kelvin Temperature Scale
In 1848 William Thomson devised the Kelvin temperature scale which was derived based on thermodynamics, where 0K corresponds to absolute zero, or the coldest temperature theoretically possible and 273.15K is the freezing point of water. While zero has been reassigned according to the Kelvin temperature scale, the base unit of the Kelvin temperature scale is the same as the centigrade scale.
In 1954, the Kelvin temperature scale was selected as the metric unit of thermodynamic measure. In 1967, the unit of the Kelvin temperature scale was changed from degrees Kelvin (°K) to simply Kelvin (K).
Conversion
Formula
°F → K
K= 5/9 (ºF – 32) + 273
°C → K
K = ºC + 273
Exercises:
Convert the Following:
1.) 77 ⁰F to ⁰C
2.) 15 ⁰C to ⁰F
3.) 21 ⁰C to K
4.) 12 ⁰F to K
Answer:
1.) ⁰C= 77-32 / 1.8 3.) K= 21 + 273
= 45/1.8 = 294 K
= 25 ⁰C
2.) ⁰F= 15 x 1.8 +32 4.) K= 5/9 (12 - 32) + 273
= 27 +32 = 5/9 (20) + 273
= 59 ⁰F = 11. 1 + 273
= 284.1 or 284 K
By Lorenz Manalad
“Temperature”
What is temperature?
Temperature is a property of matter which reflects the quantity of energy of motion of the component particles. There are several scales used to measure this value ( Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit ).
The Fahrenheit Temperature Scale
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) invented the mercury thermometer in 1714. He also created the Fahrenheit temperature scale, a practical temperature scale where 0°F and 100°F corresponded to the coldest and hottest temperatures encountered in Western Europe.
Under the Fahrenheit temperature scale, water freezes at 32°F and 212°F.
The Fahrenheit scale is still widely used in America, although not in many other places.
Conversion
Formula
°C → °F
⁰F= (9/5 ⁰C +32) or ºF = ºC x 1.8 + 32
K → °F
ºF = 1.8(K – 273) + 32
The Celsius/Centigrade Temperature Scale
The centigrade temperature scale was devised by Anders Celsius in 1744. According to the centigrade temperature scale water freezes at O°C and boils at 100°C.
While the units were originally called degrees centigrade, they were renamed degrees Celsius in 1948.
Conversion
Formula
°F → °C
ºC = (ºF-32) ÷ 1.8
K → °C
ºC = K – 273
The Kelvin Temperature Scale
In 1848 William Thomson devised the Kelvin temperature scale which was derived based on thermodynamics, where 0K corresponds to absolute zero, or the coldest temperature theoretically possible and 273.15K is the freezing point of water. While zero has been reassigned according to the Kelvin temperature scale, the base unit of the Kelvin temperature scale is the same as the centigrade scale.
In 1954, the Kelvin temperature scale was selected as the metric unit of thermodynamic measure. In 1967, the unit of the Kelvin temperature scale was changed from degrees Kelvin (°K) to simply Kelvin (K).
Conversion
Formula
°F → K
K= 5/9 (ºF – 32) + 273
°C → K
K = ºC + 273
Exercises:
Convert the Following:
1.) 77 ⁰F to ⁰C
2.) 15 ⁰C to ⁰F
3.) 21 ⁰C to K
4.) 12 ⁰F to K
Answer:
1.) ⁰C= 77-32 / 1.8 3.) K= 21 + 273
= 45/1.8 = 294 K
= 25 ⁰C
2.) ⁰F= 15 x 1.8 +32 4.) K= 5/9 (12 - 32) + 273
= 27 +32 = 5/9 (20) + 273
= 59 ⁰F = 11. 1 + 273
= 284.1 or 284 K